12 Best Online Casinos in Australia
Finding a trustworthy online casino australia is harder than most comparison sites make it look. Dozens of platforms compete for the attention of Aussie players, yet only a handful deliver real value. A quality site needs a proper licence, AUD-friendly withdrawals that clear in minutes, and a wide selection of online pokies to keep you exploring for weeks. This guide ranks twelve platforms worth your time in 2026, explains what separates fast-paying sites from slow ones, and gives you the vocabulary to read bonus terms without being caught off guard.
Key Takeaways
- The best online casino australia options combine a broad games library with PayID or crypto withdrawals that clear in minutes rather than days.
- Wagering requirements vary enormously between platforms — always read the number before claiming anything.
- A legitimate payid casino can fund your account and process cashouts within the same session using native AUD transfers.
- Online slots account for the majority of game catalogues on every platform reviewed here, often numbering in the thousands.
- Responsible gambling tools — deposit limits, cooling-off periods, and self-exclusion — should be easy to find and use on any site you consider.
- Mobile compatibility increasingly defines how Aussie players experience online pokies australia real money sessions, with most action now happening on phones.
15 Best Online Casinos with PayID Pokies
BetNinja
$2,500 Bonus for New Players + 100 Free Spins
Cleobetra
100% first deposit bonus up to $750 + 200 Free Spins
CoinCasino
200% Welcome Bonus Up To $30,000 + 50 Super Spins
CrownPlay
250% up to $5,000 Welcome Bonus + 350 Free Spins & 1 Bonus Crab
Golden Panda
200% Deposit Match Up To €5,000 + 50 Free Spins
Another 5 Popular Online Casino for Aussie Players
- Instant Casino 200% Welcome Bonus Up To $7,500
- JustCasino Welcome Bonus Up To $5,000 + 400 Free Spins
- Kingmaker 100% Up To $2,000 + 25 Jackpot Free Spins
- Lets Lucky Welcome Bonus Up To $4,500 + 300 Free Spins
- Lucky Block 200% Welcome Bonus Up To $25,000 + 50 Free Spins
12 Top-Rated Australia Online Casinos for Pokies in 2026
| Casino | Offer | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| BetNinja | $2,500 Bonus for New Players + 100 Free Spins | 10 |
| Cleobetra | 100% first deposit bonus up to $750 + 200 Free Spins | 9.8 |
| CoinCasino | 200% Welcome Bonus Up To $30,000 + 50 Super Spins | 9.5 |
| CrownPlay | 250% up to $5,000 Welcome Bonus + 350 Free Spins & 1 Bonus Crab | 9.3 |
| Golden Panda | 200% Deposit Match Up To €5,000 + 50 Free Spins | 9.1 |
| Instant Casino | 200% Welcome Bonus Up To $7,500 | 8.9 |
| JustCasino | Welcome Bonus Up To $5,000 + 400 Free Spins | 8.7 |
| Kingmaker | 100% Up To $2,000 + 25 Jackpot Free Spins | 8.4 |
| Lets Lucky | Welcome Bonus Up To $4,500 + 300 Free Spins | 8.0 |
| Lucky Block | 200% Welcome Bonus Up To $25,000 + 50 Free Spins | 7.9 |
| Lucky Dreams | Welcome Bonus Up To $10,000 + 500 Free Spins | 7.5 |
| SkyCrown | Welcome Pack up to $8,000 + 400 Free Spins | 7.3 |
The 12 Best Picks (Fast Payouts + Great Pokies)
BetNinja — Best for High-Value Welcome Offers
BetNinja leads our rankings because it delivers one of the largest AUD welcome packages available right now. Its online pokies section is exceptionally broad, covering classic reels, video slots, and high-volatility releases from a solid mix of providers. The platform accepts PayID deposits, which means most Aussie players can fund their account and start spinning within minutes. Licence details are displayed transparently in the footer, and live chat support responds without unnecessary delays. Withdrawals process efficiently through both PayID and crypto channels depending on your preference.
Cleobetra — Best for Variety Seekers
Cleobetra has earned a reputation as one of the most well-rounded options in the australian online casino market. It appeals equally to table game fans and players focused purely on spinning. The online slots library stretches into the thousands and is sorted clearly by provider, volatility, and theme. Funding an account is quick thanks to PayID support, and the 200 free spins attached to the welcome offer let new players explore the catalogue before committing larger amounts. Customer support is available around the clock and typically resolves queries on first contact.
CoinCasino — Best for Crypto Players
CoinCasino has been built as a dedicated crypto casino for players comfortable with digital currencies. Payouts move quickly because the crypto-native infrastructure removes the bottlenecks that slow fiat-dependent platforms. The online pokies section is extensive and weighted toward high-RTP titles from established providers. Reload promotions keep value flowing well past the first deposit, which suits players who plan to stay rather than chase a single welcome offer.
CrownPlay — Best for Bonus Hunters
CrownPlay offers one of the more creative welcome structures in the market right now. The 250% deposit match, hundreds of free spins, and the novelty Bonus Crab feature together create a standout onboarding experience compared to most competitors. The online pokies catalogue is broad and updated frequently with releases from both major and boutique studios. Payid slots deposits are fully supported, giving Aussie players a fast and familiar funding method alongside cards and crypto. Bonus terms are written in accessible language rather than dense legal text.
Golden Panda — Best for High Rollers
Golden Panda targets players who deposit larger amounts and expect a premium experience in return. A structured loyalty programme accumulates value across sessions, which rewards players who return regularly. The online pokies section leans toward high-variance titles with serious maximum win potential. Multiple currencies are accepted, and withdrawals are processed at a pace that serious depositors expect rather than tolerate.
Instant Casino — Best for Speed
The name sets the expectation clearly, and the platform consistently meets it. Instant Casino ranks among the strongest fast withdrawal online casino australia options because its infrastructure is built specifically to cut processing delays at every stage. Players looking for online pokies instant withdrawal australia results will find that crypto and PayID payouts frequently settle within minutes of approval. The game library is solid and updated regularly, with a 200% welcome bonus giving new players a meaningful head start.
JustCasino — Best for Free Spins Fans
JustCasino draws players with one of the most generous free spins allocations in this comparison. As a well-rounded online casino australia platform, it pairs this generosity with a game library deep enough to make those 400 free spins genuinely worth exploring. The welcome offer gives real runway to discover titles without relying entirely on deposited funds. Wagering requirements are not punishing relative to category averages, making it genuinely possible to reach a withdrawable balance. Online pokies australia real money sessions benefit from the site's clean interface, which navigates equally well on desktop and mobile. PayID and crypto are both supported for cashouts.
Kingmaker — Best for Jackpot Chasers
Kingmaker earns its position through a focused catalogue and a welcome offer tailored specifically to players who want jackpot access from the start. The 25 Jackpot Free Spins are activated on progressive or jackpot-eligible titles, which adds real excitement beyond a standard free spin allocation. As a reliable online casino australia platform, Kingmaker scores consistently well on transparency — licence details, bonus terms, and payout policies are all accessible without hunting. Support is available around the clock.
Lets Lucky — Best for Ongoing Promotions
Lets Lucky competes primarily on loyalty rather than purely on its headline welcome figure. The initial offer of up to $4,500 plus 300 free spins is strong on its own terms. What keeps players engaged long-term is a well-maintained promotion calendar of weekly bonuses, cashback offers, and regular online pokies free spin drops. Payid slots transactions are fully supported, keeping AUD deposits and cashouts fast and familiar. The interface navigates cleanly on both desktop and mobile browsers.
Lucky Block — Best for Crypto Bonuses
Lucky Block has positioned itself firmly within the crypto casino segment of the market. A 200% welcome package with a high ceiling for digital currency deposits gives crypto-holding players a compelling opening offer. The online slots catalogue is impressive in both breadth and quality. The crypto-first infrastructure means withdrawal timelines are consistently shorter than fiat-dependent alternatives, which is a meaningful practical advantage for players who value fast access to winnings.
Lucky Dreams — Best for Bonus Longevity
Lucky Dreams builds its offer around a welcome package that distributes value across multiple deposits. The structure suits players who prefer to scale up gradually rather than making a single large opening commitment. The best online pokies australia selection is well represented here, with thousands of titles across a diverse mix of software providers. Lucky Dreams also carries a strong track record for online casino australia real money withdrawals processing cleanly and without unnecessary delays or added verification friction.
SkyCrown — Best for All-Round Value
SkyCrown closes the list with a mature and balanced platform that combines a generous AUD welcome pack with a well-developed live casino section and a loyalty programme that rewards regular play. The online pokies range covers everything from low-stakes classic titles through to high-volatility video slots with complex bonus mechanics. PayID and multiple other AUD-friendly payment methods are accepted, making it a practical everyday choice for players who want variety without sacrificing payment convenience.
Fast Withdrawals Explained (PayID, Crypto, Cards)
Speed is one of the most important practical considerations when choosing an online casino australia. A generous welcome bonus loses its appeal quickly if cashing out requires five business days and a stack of verification steps. Understanding what drives withdrawal timelines helps you pick a platform that fits your expectations from the outset.
PayID has become the default fast method for Aussie players wanting AUD-native transfers. A properly integrated payid casino can process payouts to an Australian bank account within minutes once the withdrawal clears the casino's internal approval stage. The critical variable is whether the platform has a genuine local AUD banking relationship or payment partner — not all offshore operators have set this up correctly. It is worth confirming whether payid pokies payouts extend to withdrawals specifically, because some sites offer PayID inbound for deposits but use slower methods for cashouts.
Crypto occupies the other fast lane. An online crypto casino processing Bitcoin, Ethereum, or stablecoin withdrawals typically moves funds within minutes of approval. Blockchain network confirmation times are the only meaningful variable at that stage. For players comfortable with digital wallets, crypto remains the most consistently rapid withdrawal method available anywhere. Many online casino australia operators now lean on crypto specifically to differentiate themselves from card-dependent competitors who cannot match those withdrawal speeds.
Cards and bank transfers occupy the slower end of the spectrum. Visa and Mastercard withdrawals routinely take two to five business days depending on the issuing bank. Standard bank transfers move at a similar pace or slower. These methods are reliable but fundamentally unsuited to players for whom withdrawal timing matters. If you are playing at a best online pokies australia site and want quick access to winnings, relying solely on cards or bank transfers will consistently disappoint. Setting up both a crypto wallet and a PayID-linked bank account gives you two independent fast lanes that cover most situations.
Withdrawal Speed Drivers
| Driver | What It Affects | What to Check |
|---|---|---|
| Payment method | Core transfer speed from casino to your account | Whether PayID and crypto work for withdrawals, not just deposits |
| Verification status | Whether the casino queues your cashout for identity checks | Complete KYC documentation before your first withdrawal request |
| Casino processing time | The internal window between your request and funds being sent | Look for platforms specifying same-day or instant internal approval |
| Bank or blockchain network | Final delivery speed once the casino has released the funds | Bank clearance windows for cards; network congestion for crypto |
Top 5 Pokies-Friendly Casinos Reviewed (Deep Dive)
Best Australia Online Casinos for Pokies Reviewed (Top 5)
BetNinja
Payments BetNinja supports PayID, all major cards, and a range of crypto options. Funding via a payid casino integration takes seconds with a compatible Australian bank, and withdrawals via the same method move at a similar pace once internal processing is complete.
Games The online pokies library is extensive, covering classic fruit machines, branded video slots, and high-RTP releases from a diverse mix of providers. Table games and live dealer options give players who occasionally want something different a fully developed alternative.
Bonuses The $2,500 welcome bonus is distributed across initial deposits, reducing pressure to make a large opening commitment. BetNinja stands out as a well-structured online casino australia option precisely because this kind of player-friendly bonus design reflects broader platform values. The 100 free spins give new players immediate access to popular titles without burning through deposited funds.
Pros
- One of the deepest online pokies catalogues in this comparison.
- Fast and transparent PayID and crypto payout processing.
- Bonus terms written clearly without embedded surprises.
Cons
- Welcome bonus spread across multiple deposits rather than available from the first session.
- Some payment methods may be restricted depending on player location.
Cleobetra
Payments Cleobetra integrates payid pokies payments smoothly for Aussie players. Crypto is available for faster withdrawals and card options are present for players who prefer familiar banking methods despite standard processing timelines.
Games The online pokies catalogue is among the most diverse in this list, with strong representation from both major studios and independent developers. The live casino section is well-developed and adds genuine depth for players who want dealer interaction alongside their pokies sessions.
Bonuses The 100% first deposit match up to $750 with 200 free spins strikes a fair balance between accessibility and value. Transparent bonus disclosure is one of the clearest signs of a trustworthy online casino australia platform, and Cleobetra applies this standard consistently. Wagering requirements are disclosed prominently before activation, which is not a universal standard in this category.
Pros
- Huge and diverse online pokies range spanning all volatility levels.
- Transparent bonus terms prominently displayed before claiming.
- Excellent mobile performance across Android and iOS browsers.
Cons
- Welcome bonus ceiling is lower than some competitors in absolute dollar terms.
- VIP programme details are not prominently promoted during the registration experience.
CoinCasino
Payments Built as a genuine online crypto casino, CoinCasino is optimised for players who use digital currencies primarily. A wide range of coins are accepted beyond the obvious major currencies, and withdrawal processing is among the fastest in this comparison.
Games The online slots section is deep and skewed toward higher-RTP releases. Players focused on online pokies australia real money value will find plenty of titles with published return percentages sitting above the category average.
Bonuses The 200% match up to $30,000 represents the largest headline ceiling in this comparison. CoinCasino makes a strong case as a distinctive online casino australia option for players who want maximum bonus value from their opening deposit. Even players depositing modest starting amounts benefit meaningfully from the doubled balance before wagering begins.
Pros
- Fastest crypto withdrawal processing among the platforms reviewed here.
- Massive welcome bonus ceiling for players depositing larger amounts.
- High-RTP online pokies as a deliberate editorial priority in the catalogue.
Cons
- Less accessible for players not yet familiar with setting up and managing crypto wallets.
- Fiat payment options are more limited than crypto-focused ones.
CrownPlay
Payments CrownPlay accepts payid pokies deposits, crypto, and cards, making it one of the broader payment menus in this list. The range gives Aussie players genuine choice rather than forcing a single method.
Games The online pokies selection is large and updated regularly. Table game and live dealer offerings are well-developed and add meaningful variety for players who move between game types during a session.
Bonuses The 250% welcome match is one of the most aggressive structures available among best online casino australia platforms right now. The Bonus Crab feature adds a fun interactive element to the signup experience that stands out from standard bonus screens.
Pros
- Creative and high-value welcome structure with a standout feature.
- Wide payment support that works equally well for AUD and crypto players.
- Regular new online pokies titles added to the catalogue through active provider partnerships.
Cons
- Bonus Crab mechanics reward careful reading before activation.
- Live casino section could benefit from additional table game variants.
Golden Panda
Payments Golden Panda processes withdrawals across multiple methods and supports crypto, making it a viable option for players who want online pokies instant withdrawal australia outcomes without switching to a separate platform.
Games The online slots library leans toward higher-volatility titles with elevated maximum win potential. This suits players comfortable accepting variance in exchange for the possibility of outsized returns.
Bonuses The 200% match with a high ceiling is clearly designed for players depositing above-average amounts. Golden Panda operates as a premium online casino australia destination where the bonus structure deliberately mirrors the high-roller focus of the platform overall. The 50 free spins provide immediate pokies access alongside the cash portion of the welcome offer.
Pros
- Clear high-roller positioning with matching loyalty rewards structure.
- Strong selection of high-variance titles for best online pokies australia seekers.
- Reliable and consistent withdrawal processing track record across player reviews.
Cons
- Less appealing to casual or low-stakes players looking for modest deposit options.
- Loyalty programme structure could be explained more clearly for new players.
Top 5 Summary Table
| Casino Brand | Welcome Bonus | Key Highlights | Best for Aussie Players |
|---|---|---|---|
| BetNinja | $2,500 + 100 Free Spins | Fast payouts, deep pokies catalogue | All-round value seekers |
| Cleobetra | $750 + 200 Free Spins | Transparent terms, excellent mobile | Casual and regular players |
| CoinCasino | $30,000 + 50 Super Spins | Crypto-first, high-RTP pokies | Crypto-comfortable players |
| CrownPlay | $5,000 + 350 Free Spins + Bonus Crab | Creative bonuses, wide payments | Bonus hunters |
| Golden Panda | €5,000 + 50 Free Spins | High-roller friendly, fast withdrawals | High-stakes depositors |
Online Pokies + Casino Games: What's Inside a Good AU Site
A genuinely strong online casino australia is more than a long list of slot titles behind a login screen. Understanding what the best platforms actually contain helps you evaluate options analytically rather than simply following the headline bonus number.
Online pokies anchor the experience for most Australian players. The strongest libraries include classic three-reel machines for players who value simplicity, five-reel video pokies loaded with bonus rounds and multipliers for players who want complexity, and progressive jackpot titles for players chasing significant wins. Provider diversity matters enormously — a platform sourcing content from fifteen or more developers is far less likely to have catalogue gaps than one relying on a single supplier.
Australian online pokies players often look specifically for titles built around local themes — kangaroos, outback imagery, and Aussie sporting culture give the experience a grounded local feel that resonates with players who want more than generic European-market slots.
Beyond online slots, a complete site should offer live dealer tables, video poker, keno, and scratch cards. These additional game types serve players who want variety between pokies sessions without switching to a different platform entirely. The best platforms have invested specifically in mobile-optimised interfaces that make australian online casino play on a phone a genuinely enjoyable experience rather than a degraded version of the desktop product.
Bonuses Explained (Without the Confusion)
Casino bonuses are a significant driver of why Aussie players choose and switch between platforms. They are also one of the most misunderstood parts of any online casino australia experience. Knowing how bonuses work prevents expensive mistakes and makes comparisons genuinely meaningful.
The headline number — "200% up to $10,000" — tells you almost nothing useful in isolation. The wagering requirement is the figure that actually matters. A 40x requirement means you must bet forty times the bonus amount before withdrawing winnings. On online slots, wagering contribution is almost always 100%, meaning every dollar staked counts in full. On live dealer tables, contribution rates are typically much lower — sometimes zero.
The best online pokies australia experience on a bonus typically involves a requirement under 35x with no arbitrary title exclusions. Free spins winnings carry their own wagering requirement before becoming withdrawable, which is worth confirming before claiming.
Max cashout caps are among the most overlooked trap terms in the industry. Always check this figure before activating any offer on an online casino australia real money platform, as a restrictive cap can limit your upside regardless of how well you run during wagering.
Some online slots are excluded from wagering contribution entirely. Staking on an excluded title extends your clearance timeline invisibly if you are not paying attention. Time limits compound the issue — most bonuses expire within 30 days, and low-stakes sessions may simply not clear the requirement in time.
Bonus Terms Checklist
| Term | Meaning | Why It Matters | What to Look For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wagering requirement | How many times you must bet the bonus before withdrawing | Determines how practically achievable the offer really is | Under 35x is reasonable; above 50x is genuinely hard to clear |
| Max cashout cap | The ceiling on withdrawable winnings from the bonus | Limits your upside even if you run hot during the wagering period | No cap, or a cap of at least 5x the bonus amount |
| Game contribution | The percentage each game type counts toward wagering | Affects whether your preferred games actually clear the requirement | 100% for online pokies is the standard expectation |
| Time limit | The window you have to meet wagering requirements | Creates urgency that can push players to stake more than intended | At least 30 days is reasonable; 7-day windows are not player-friendly |
Safety Checklist: Secure & Licensed Experience
Choosing a safe online casino australia does not require specialist knowledge, but it does require knowing which boxes to check before depositing. A legitimate platform is open about its licensing, secure with player data, and genuinely invested in responsible gambling tools.
Licensing is the foundation. A reputable online casino australia real money site holds a valid gaming licence from a recognised jurisdiction — Curaçao eGaming, Malta Gaming Authority, Isle of Man, or Gibraltar are the most common for offshore platforms serving Australians. The licence number should appear in the footer and be verifiable on the issuing authority's public register.
Encryption is equally non-negotiable. Every page should run on HTTPS, not just the login screen. A genuine payid casino integration routes AUD funds through a regulated payment partner — confirming this distinguishes real banking infrastructure from platforms that simply advertise PayID without delivering it reliably.
Fast withdrawal online casino australia reliability is best verified through independent player reviews rather than marketing claims. Consistent positive feedback on payouts signals good faith operation. Complaints about held or missing withdrawals should override any bonus offer.
Finally, responsible gambling tools — deposit limits, loss limits, session alerts, and self-exclusion — must be easy to find on any platform you consider. Every best online casino australia operator worth your time makes these tools accessible from the main account menu rather than buried in fine print. BetStop allows Aussie players to self-exclude from all licensed Australian wagering services simultaneously.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between online pokies and casino games at an online casino australia?
Online pokies are digital slot machines — the online equivalent of pokie machines found in Australian pubs and clubs, powered by random number generation software. They range from classic three-reel titles to multi-payline video pokies and progressive jackpot games. A full online casino australia also includes live dealer tables for blackjack, baccarat, and roulette, plus video poker, keno, and scratch cards. Online slots typically account for the majority of a site's catalogue, often by a significant margin over all other game types combined.
How can I compare online casinos in australia if I care about both pokies and fast payouts?
Start by confirming that the platform supports PayID and crypto specifically for withdrawals, not just deposits. Then assess the online pokies library depth and the number of software providers represented. Cross-reference both against independent player reviews to verify that advertised withdrawal speeds reflect genuine experiences rather than marketing copy.
Which is better for quick cash-outs: PayID, crypto, cards, or bank transfer?
For speed, payid pokies payouts and crypto are consistently the two fastest options. Crypto typically settles within minutes once approved. Online pokies instant withdrawal australia results are most reliably achieved through these two methods. Cards take two to five business days, and bank transfers operate at a similar pace or slower.
What can delay an online casino australia real money withdrawal even on "fast payout" sites?
The most common cause is incomplete identity verification. If documentation has not been submitted, your first cashout will queue pending review. Beyond KYC, internal processing queues and account review holds can all add time. To minimise friction at any fast withdrawal online casino australia site, complete identity verification during registration rather than waiting until you have winnings ready to collect.
How do bonus terms (wagering, max cash-out, exclusions) impact both pokies and casino games?
Wagering requirements determine how much staking is needed before bonus-derived winnings become withdrawable. Online pokies typically contribute 100% toward that total, which is the most player-friendly rate available. Table games often contribute far less, with some platforms setting live dealer contribution at zero. Excluded online slots titles can silently extend the wagering timeline if you stake on a non-contributing game, making it worth checking the full exclusion list before activating any offer.
What are the key signs of a legit online pokies australia and casino site?
A legitimate australian online pokies platform publishes a verifiable gaming licence number in the footer, uses HTTPS encryption across the entire site, and offers a clear responsible gambling page with self-exclusion options. A transparent complaint resolution process and a consistent track record of paying players reliably over time round out the key indicators.
Can I play online pokies australia real money on mobile, and what should I check first?
Yes — modern platforms support online pokies australia real money play through mobile browsers without a dedicated download. Confirm that the site loads correctly on your device and that payment methods are functional in mobile view. Payid casino integrations can occasionally behave differently in mobile browsers, so testing a small deposit before your first session is a practical precaution.
How does the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (IGA 2001) relate to online casino use in Australia?
The Interactive Gambling Act 2001 prohibits Australian-based businesses from providing interactive gambling services — including real-money online casino australia products — to Australian residents. It does not, however, make it a criminal offence for individual players to access offshore-licensed platforms. Australian players regularly use offshore sites that hold valid licences in their country of registration and operate legally under those jurisdictions' frameworks. Players should understand this legal context and prioritise platforms holding established offshore licences over unlicensed alternatives.
Conclusion
Selecting the right online casino australia comes down to honestly matching a platform's strengths to your own priorities. If online slots are your primary focus, look for a library with genuine depth and diversity across software providers. If withdrawal speed defines your experience, prioritise verified payid slots and crypto cashout infrastructure — confirmed through player reviews rather than marketing claims alone. Choosing the right online casino australia ultimately means looking past the welcome bonus headline and assessing whether the platform delivers on its promises in practice. If bonuses drive your decision-making, invest time in understanding wagering requirements and max cashout caps before activating anything.
The twelve platforms covered in this guide represent a strong cross-section of what the best online casino australia market offers in 2026. Each has been assessed on the factors that matter most to Aussie players. No single platform suits every player, but this guide gives you the framework to identify the one that suits you specifically.
Responsible Gambling Notice: You must be 18 or over to access any gambling platform. If gambling is affecting your wellbeing or the wellbeing of someone close to you, contact Gambling Help Online at 1800 858 858 or visit gamblinghelponline.org.au. Set deposit limits before you begin, never chase losses, and make use of the self-exclusion tools that every responsible online casino australia platform should provide as a matter of standard practice.